プラトンとアリストテレス、オイディプスとメディア(メモ)

Art Theory: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)

Art Theory: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)

Cynthia Freeland Art Theory: A Very Short Introduction*1から。

(「悲劇」論を中心とする)古代希臘の藝術論は「模写論(the imitation theory)」(p.20)。
プラトンの場合;


Plato (427-347 BCE) discussed art forms like tragedy, along with sculpture, painting, pottery, and architecture, not as ‘art’ but as ‘techne’ or skilled craft. He regarded them all as instances of ‘minesis’ or imitation. Plato criticized all imitations, including tragedies, for failimg to depict the eternal ideal realities (‘Forms’ or ‘Ideas’). Instead, they offered mere imitations of things in our world, ehich themselves were copies of the Ideas. Tragedy confuses the audience about values: if good characters experience tragic downfalls, this teaches us that virtue is not always rewarded. And so, in Plato’s famous Republic Book X, he proposed to exclude tragic poetry from the ideal state. (p.21)
アリストテレスプラトンと違って、悲劇を擁護したが、

Aristotele’s defence works well for some tragedies, especially his favourite, Sophocles’ Oedipus the King. But the Poetics’ fusion of moral with aesthetic criteria makes it unlikey Aristotele would approve of a character like Euripides’ Medea, who knowingly kills her own children. (ibid.)

Aristotele criticized the way Euripides ended his play, with Medea escaping in a heavenly chariot. Probably Aristole also disappointed of Medea as a tragic heroine, because he downgraded plots like this one that show a good person deliberately choosing evil. For Euripides to make Medea an object of sympathy or pity was wrong: this play does not serve the proper function of tragedy—regardless of having good poetry or a fine performance. (p.22)
アリストテレース詩学/ホラーティウス詩論 (岩波文庫)

アリストテレース詩学/ホラーティウス詩論 (岩波文庫)

オイディプス王 (岩波文庫)

オイディプス王 (岩波文庫)

『メディア』のEdward P. Coleridgeによる英訳がhttp://classics.mit.edu/Euripides/medea.htmlで読める。
ところで、アリストテレスの『メディア』批判は、「プラトンにとっては、嘘をつく人とは、嘘をつくことができる人のことです。アリストテレスにとっては、嘘をつくことを決意している人のことです」(『言葉にのって』、p.150)*2というデリダのコメントに関係するか。
言葉にのって―哲学的スナップショット (ちくま学芸文庫)

言葉にのって―哲学的スナップショット (ちくま学芸文庫)

また、ミメーシスについては、http://d.hatena.ne.jp/sumita-m/20080828/1219900795 http://d.hatena.ne.jp/sumita-m/20080831/1220145450 http://d.hatena.ne.jp/sumita-m/20081013/1223865948 http://d.hatena.ne.jp/sumita-m/20090306/1236309160も。