諾威1814年 - Living, Loving, Thinking, Again

Ian Buruma*1 “Learning a lesson from Norway's past mistake” Shnghai Daily 14 July 2015*2

最初の諾威憲法は1814年に公布された。起草した学者の中には希臘古典や古代ヘブライ語の専門家もおり、みなカントやヴォルテールの著作を読む啓蒙の人だった。

There is, however, one exraordinary clause: Article II proclaims freedom of religion in the Lutheran state, with the caveat that “Jews shall still be banned from entering the Realm.” This was peculiar, evwn at the time. Napoleon, defeated in that same year, had secured civil rights for Jews in the countries he had conquered. And just before the clause entered Norwegian law, the King of Denmark had granted citizenship to Jews in his realm.
What is most interesting about Norway's 1814 constitution is not that it contains this clause, but why. The stated motives of the intellectuals who created it were not racist; they did not assume Jews to be biologically inferior. Rather, the question was argued in terms of culture and faith, with Jewish beliefs and customs deemed incompatible with modern, enlightened Western values.

21世紀、「啓蒙」の名の下での差別のターゲットはユダヤ人からムスリムへ；

The parallels with current notions about Muslims and Islam hardly need to be pointed out. Now, too, the Enlightenment is often invoked as shorthand for the Western values that are supposedly in danger of “Islamization.”

さらに、

There are populist demagougues in the West who would ban the Koran and prohibit Muslims from immigrating to their countries. But thay are not yet in the majority. Yet even mainstream poliitcians, sometimes for the best of reasons, are in danger of making the same kinds of mistakes as the member of the 1814 Norwegian Constituent Assembly.

*2:Project Syndicateによるもの。