承前*1
Rebecca Ratcliffe “Ferdinand Marcos Jr triumphs in Philippines presidential election” https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/09/ferdinand-marcos-jr-triumph-philippines-presidential-election
比律賓の大統領選挙は、 結局、フェルディナンド＆イメルダ・マルコスの息子フェルディナンド・マルコス・ジュニア（aka. ボンボン・マルコス）がライヴァルのレニ・ロブレドに２倍以上の大差をつけて圧勝した。
この記事では、SNSを使っての、マルコス独裁時代を美化する「情報偽造（misinformation）」の効果を強調している。
Marcos Jr, 64, ran with the slogan “Together we shall rise again”, invoking nostalgia for his father’s authoritarian regime, which the family and its supporters have portrayed as a golden era in a campaign fuelled by online disinformation as social media has been flooded with false stories that have swept aside the atrocities and corruption widespread during the period.Such portrayals have horrified survivors of Marcos Sr’s brutal regime. Thousands of political opponents were tortured, arrested and disappeared under his rule, while as much as $10bn (£8bn) was plundered*2.
ただ、記事では50代以上の、すなわち1986年にマルコス（シニア）政権が崩壊した時に既に大人だった比律賓人の声も取り上げているのだが、そうした支持者もホワイトウォッシュされた〈マルコス時代〉を信じてしまっているのが興味深い。
A myth claiming that the Marcoses own large stashes of gold has circulated online in various forms for years, including the claim that it will be given back to the people if the family is returned to power.Although Marcos Jr has denied the existence of any organised online campaign, he was the overwhelming beneficiary of false claims circulating on social media. The majority of disinformation was either designed to undermine Robredo’s reputation or enhance the images of the Marcoses, according to analysis by the fact-checking coalition Tsek.ph, which monitored disinformation in the run-up to the election*3.
Marcos Jr has avoided TV debates and challenging media interviews ahead of the election, and his campaign has been thin on policy detail.
The idea that Marcos Sr’s rule was a prosperous and peaceful era appeals to a generation of voters who did not live through Marcos Sr’s martial law regime, including those who “may harbour deep dissatisfaction with the non-inclusive development of the past 30 or so years,” said Ronald Mendoza, dean of Manila’s Ateneo school of government.
また、「情報偽造（misinformation）」も今回の選挙戦で唐突に開始されたわけではない。今回の勝利はマルコス一家の権力奪還を目指しての、30年以上の長きに亙る執念の勝利でもあった。
Marcos Sr was ousted in the People Power revolution in 1986, when the family was humiliatingly airlifted from the presidential palace by helicopter, and fled into exile.Ever since, say analysts, the Marcoses have sought to rebrand themselves and regain their place in politics. “The disinformation infrastructure has been there for a long time. It’s not as if it just sprouted during this campaign. The Marcoses’ plan to reach the presidency has been in action for decades,” said Aries Arugay, a visiting fellow at the ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute, who is based in Manila.
その背景としての、大衆の不満；
Cleo Anne A Calimbahin, an associate professor of political science at De La Salle University Manila, said the results should not come as a surprise but that they were sobering. They reflected in part a growing frustration among the public with previous administrations.“I think this is a response of a public that saw the lack of progress made since 1986,” said Calimbahin, referencing the People Power revolution that put the Philippines on the road to democracy, a process that has not been linear.
“Unfortunately, the reforms agenda and its inability to deliver since 1986 has made people even wary of reformist candidates,” said Calimbahin.
*1:https://sumita-m.hatenadiary.com/entry/2022/05/08/031245
*2:See Nick Davies “The $10bn question: what happened to the Marcos millions?” https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/07/10bn-dollar-question-marcos-millions-nick-davies
