カシミールから逃れて - Living, Loving, Thinking, Again

From the Ruins of Empire: The Revolt Against the West and the Remaking of Asia

作者: Pankaj Mishra
出版社/メーカー: Allen Lane
発売日: 2012/08/02
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数日前に、Pankaj Mishra氏のFrom the Ruins of Empire*1から、

It was never going to be easy for internally diverse societies like India and indonesia to find a social, political and cultural identity without violence and disorder. Europe itself took hundreds of years to develop and implement the concept of a sovereign nation-stte, only to then plunge into two world wars that exacted a terrible toll from ethnic and religious minorities. The Euripean model of the ethnically homogenous nation-state was a poor fit in Europe itself. That it was particularly so for multi-ehnic Asian societies bas been amply proved by the plight of Kashmiri Muslims, Tibetans, Uighurs, the Chinese in Malaysia, Sunnni Muslims in Iraq, Kurds in Turkey and Tamils in Sri Lanka. (p.307)

という一節を引用していたのだった*2。

Reuters “Thousands flee homes in Kashmir as India-Pakistan clashes spread” http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/06/thousands-flee-homes-in-kashmir-as-india-pakistan-clashes-spread

カシミールを巡る印度とパキスタンの関係は昨年８月以来悪化しており、10月からは軍事衝突も度々起こるようになり、遂に年が明けた１月５日、印度側の国境地帯の住民6000人が村を退去して避難する事態となった。その前の週には既に4000人が避難している。

Thousands of Indians have fled their homes as fighting between India and Pakistan spread along a 124-mile stretch of the border in the disputed region of Kashmir.
Tension between the nuclear-armed rivals has risen since the Indian prime minister, Narendra Modi, called off peace talks in August and clashes along stretches of their border have been erupting intermittently since October.
At least 10 Indian and Pakistani soldiers and civilians have been killed in fighting over the past week.
About 6,000 civilians in Indian-controlled Kashmir fled from their homes late on Monday as fighting moved to civilian areas, said Shantmanu, the divisional commissioner of Jammu region. About 4,000 left after fighting began last week.
“We had a narrow escape and there is a war-like situation,” Sham Kumar, 54, from Sherpur village said. “Pakistani troops are using long-range weapons. It is the first time we have seen such intense shelling.”

Indian and Pakistani forces again exchanged gunfire and mortar bombs across parts of their border on Tuesday, an Indian border security force official said.
“The firing is going on and we are giving befitting reply to Pakistani shelling,” the official said.
Pakistani officials were not immediately available for comment.
The rivals, who have fought two wars over Muslim-majority Kashmir, blame each other for the upsurge in clashes since October.

印度とパキスタンのナショナリズムの賭け金としての「カシミール」については、Pankaj Mishra氏のTemptations of the West*3の中の”Kashmir: The Cost of Nationalism”を再びマークしておく*4。また、西洋における「カシミール」幻想については、例えば中野美代子先生の『乾隆帝』p.202ff.とか*5。