承前*1
STEVEN ERLANGER and SCOTT SHANE “Oslo Suspect Wrote of Fear of Islam and Plan for War” http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/24/world/europe/24oslo.html
オスロ虐殺事件の被疑者Anders Behring Breivikは事件の数時間前に〈闘争マニフェスト〉をアップロードしていたという。
ここで言われている「原理主義的（fundamentalist）」という用語が神学的或いは宗教学的に妥当なのかどうかはまだわからない。
As stunned Norwegians grappled with the deadliest attack in the country since World War II, a portrait began to emerge of the suspect, Anders Behring Breivik, 32. The police identified him as a right-wing fundamentalist Christian, while acquaintances described him as a gun-loving Norwegian obsessed with what he saw as the threats of multiculturalism and Muslim immigration.
件の「マニフェスト」について；
自らの名前を英語風に改めていることの意味。また、「文化マルクス主義（cultural Marxism）」という用語が気になった。Wikipediaの定義では”Cultural Marxism is a generic term referring to a loosely associated group of Marxists who have sought to apply critical theory to matters of family composition, gender, race, and cultural identity within Western society.”*2 しかし、英語圏特に米国におけるウヨ言説においては次のように言われている。William S. Lind “What is Cultural Marxism?”*3から；
In the 1,500-page manifesto, posted on the Web hours before the attacks, Mr. Breivik recorded a day-by-day diary of months of planning for the attacks, and claimed to be part of a small group that intended to “seize political and military control of Western European countries and implement a cultural conservative political agenda.”He predicted a conflagration that would kill or injure more than a million people, adding, “The time for dialogue is over. We gave peace a chance. The time for armed resistance has come.”
The manifesto was signed Andrew Berwick, an Anglicized version of his name. A former American government official briefed on the case said investigators believed the manifesto was Mr. Breivik’s work.
The manifesto, entitled “2083: A European Declaration of Independence,” equates liberalism and multiculturalism with “cultural Marxism,” which the document says is destroying European Christian civilization.
さらに、
Cultural Marxism is a branch of western Marxism, different from the Marxism-Leninism of the old Soviet Union. It is commonly known as “multiculturalism” or, less formally, Political Correctness. From its beginning, the promoters of cultural Marxism have known they could be more effective if they concealed the Marxist nature of their work, hence the use of terms such as “multiculturalism.”Cultural Marxism began not in the 1960s but in 1919, immediately after World War I. Marxist theory had predicted that in the event of a big European war, the working class all over Europe would rise up to overthrow capitalism and create communism. But when war came in 1914, that did not happen. When it finally did happen in Russia in 1917, workers in other European countries did not support it. What had gone wrong?
Independently, two Marxist theorists, Antonio Gramsci in Italy and Georg Lukacs in Hungary, came to the same answer: Western culture and the Christian religion had so blinded the working class to its true, Marxist class interest that Communism was impossible in the West until both could be destroyed. In 1919, Lukacs asked, “Who will save us from Western civilization?” That same year, when he became Deputy Commissar for Culture in the short-lived Bolshevik Bela Kun government in Hungary, one of Lukacs’s first acts was to introduce sex education into Hungary’s public schools. He knew that if he could destroy the West’s traditional sexual morals, he would have taken a giant step toward destroying Western culture itself.
In 1923, inspired in part by Lukacs, a group of German Marxists established a think tank at Frankfurt University in Germany called the Institute for Social Research. This institute, soon known simply as the Frankfurt School, would become the creator of cultural Marxism.
To translate Marxism from economic into cultural terms, the members of the Frankfurt School - - Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno, Wilhelm Reich, Eric Fromm and Herbert Marcuse, to name the most important - - had to contradict Marx on several points. They argued that culture was not just part of what Marx had called society’s “superstructure,” but an independent and very important variable. They also said that the working class would not lead a Marxist revolution, because it was becoming part of the middle class, the hated bourgeoisie.
Who would? In the 1950s, Marcuse answered the question: a coalition of blacks, students, feminist women and homosexuals.
つまり、これは中川八洋とかが呟いていた（今も呟いている？）〈フランクフルト陰謀論〉*4のオリジナル・ヴァージョンだったのだ*5。
After World War II ended, most members of the Frankfurt School went back to Germany. But Herbert Marcuse stayed in America. He took the highly abstract works of other Frankfurt School members and repackaged them in ways college students could read and understand. In his book “Eros and Civilization,” he argued that by freeing sex from any restraints, we could elevate the pleasure principle over the reality principle and create a society with no work, only play (Marcuse coined the phrase, “Make love, not war”). Marcuse also argued for what he called “liberating tolerance,” which he defined as tolerance for all ideas coming from the Left and intolerance for any ideas coming from the Right. In the 1960s, Marcuse became the chief “guru” of the New Left, and he injected the cultural Marxism of the Frankfurt School into the baby boom generation, to the point where it is now America’s state ideology.The next conservatism should unmask multiculturalism and Political Correctness and tell the American people what they really are: cultural Marxism. Its goal remains what Lukacs and Gramsci set in 1919: destroying Western culture and the Christian religion. It has already made vast strides toward that goal. But if the average American found out that Political Correctness is a form of Marxism, different from the Marxism of the Soviet Union but Marxism nonetheless, it would be in trouble. The next conservatism needs to reveal the man behind the curtain - - old Karl Marx himself.
NYTの記事に戻る。
出た、「テンプル騎士団」*6！
The document also describes a secret meeting in London in April 2002 to reconstitute the Knights Templar, a Crusader military order. It says the meeting was attended by nine representatives of eight European countries, evidently including Mr. Breivik, with an additional three members unable to attend, including a “European-American.”The document does not name the attendees or say whether they were aware of Mr. Breivik’s planned attacks, though investigators presumably will now try to determine if the people exist and what their connection is to Mr. Breivik.
なお、Norwegian Defense Research EstablishmentのThomas Hegghammer氏は、この「マニフェスト」とアル・カイーダの犯行声明との形式的な類似を指摘している。
Anders Behring Breivikと諾威の右派勢力。先ず彼は「進歩党」という右派政党のメンバーだったが、その中道化に失望して脱退した；
また、「保守党」に対する「軽蔑」；
Before then, he had been a member of the right-wing Progress Party, which began as an antitax protest and has been stridently anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim.Joran Kallmyr, a member of the party who is now Oslo’s vice mayor for transportation, said he met Mr. Breivik several times in 2002 and 2003 at local party meetings. “He was very quiet, almost a little bit shy,” Mr. Kallmyr said. “But he was a normal person with good behavior. He never shared any extreme thoughts or speech with us. There was absolutely no reason to expect that he could do something like this. We’re very shocked.”
Mr. Breivik quit the party in 2006, apparently disappointed by the party’s move toward the center.
“He didn’t like our politics, I guess, and moved on,” Mr. Kallmyr said.
なお、ネオナチとの繋がりは見出せないという。
His Internet posts also indicated contempt for the Conservative Party, which he accused of having given up the battle against multiculturalism.But on Friday he directed his firepower at the center-left Labor Party, which leads the coalition government.
“Breivik feels that multiculturalism is destroying the society and that the enforcing authority is the prime minister and the Labor Party, the lead party of contemporary Norwegian politics,” said Anders Romarheim, a fellow at the Norwegian Institute for Defense Studies.
Anders Behring Breivikの好きな音楽はやはりBlack Metal*7だったのだろうか。
*1:http://d.hatena.ne.jp/sumita-m/20110723/1311433720
*2:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Marxism
*3:http://www.marylandthursdaymeeting.com/Archives/SpecialWebDocuments/Cultural.Marxism.htm
*4:See http://d.hatena.ne.jp/sumita-m/20061015/1160883587 http://d.hatena.ne.jp/sumita-m/20061019/1161241212 http://d.hatena.ne.jp/sumita-m/20061020/1161326515 http://d.hatena.ne.jp/sumita-m/20091106/1257482211
*5:米国における右翼言説のサンプルとして、Nelson Hultberg “Cultural Marxism: The Corruption of America” http://www.thedailybell.com/1240/Nelson-Hultberg-Cultural-Marxism-The-Corruption-of-America.htmlも参照されたい。
*6:See http://d.hatena.ne.jp/sumita-m/20110703/1309670384 http://d.hatena.ne.jp/sumita-m/20110705/1309890515 但し、米国の一部の陰謀理論家によれば、「テンプル騎士団」は悪玉、すなわちあのイルミナティの起源なのであるが。
*7:See http://d.hatena.ne.jp/sumita-m/20100925/1285383582#c1285389908 http://d.hatena.ne.jp/sumita-m/20100927/1285609475
